Rough-In
Rough-in is the phase of construction where plumbing pipes, electrical wiring, and HVAC ducts are installed within wall, floor, and ceiling cavities before insulation and drywall cover them.
Rough-in work represents a critical phase where all mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems are installed in their rough form—pipes, wires, and ducts run to approximate locations but without fixtures, outlets, or registers installed. This work must be completed and inspected before insulation and drywall can proceed. Plumbers install supply and drain lines, electricians run wiring and boxes, and HVAC contractors install ductwork. Accurate rough-in placement ensures fixtures and outlets end up exactly where planned.
Why Timing and Coordination Matter
Rough-in requires careful coordination between trades. Plumbers typically go first, followed by electricians and HVAC, with each trade avoiding conflicts with others' work. Changes after rough-in inspection become expensive—moving a drain line after walls are closed requires opening walls and re-inspection. Denver building codes require rough-in inspections before covering work, ensuring all installations meet code requirements for safety, spacing, and proper installation methods. Plan fixtures and outlets carefully during design to avoid costly changes.
Common Rough-In Elements
- Plumbing: Water supply lines, drain/waste/vent pipes, shower valves, toilet flanges
- Electrical: Wiring, junction boxes, outlet and switch boxes, panel circuits
- HVAC: Supply and return ducts, registers, thermostats, equipment connections
- Low-voltage: Data/ethernet cables, security system wiring, speaker wire
- Coordination: Proper spacing and placement avoiding conflicts between systems
Related Terms
Framing
Framing is the process of constructing the structural skeleton of a building using dimensional lumber or engineered wood to create walls, floors, and roof systems.
Rough Inspection
Rough inspection is a mandatory building department inspection verifying that framing, plumbing, electrical, and mechanical systems meet code requirements before they are concealed by insulation and drywall.
PEX Piping (Cross-Linked Polyethylene)
PEX is cross-linked polyethylene tubing used for water supply lines, offering flexibility, freeze resistance, and easier installation than rigid copper or CPVC piping.