Framing
Framing is the process of constructing the structural skeleton of a building using dimensional lumber or engineered wood to create walls, floors, and roof systems.
Framing creates the bones of your home—the structural system that defines spaces and supports everything else. Wall framing uses vertical studs (typically 2x4 or 2x6) spaced 16 or 24 inches on center, with horizontal top and bottom plates. Floor framing consists of joists supporting subflooring, while roof framing uses rafters or trusses. Modern framing follows prescriptive codes specifying lumber sizes, spacing, and connection methods based on loads and spans. Advanced framing techniques optimize material use and energy efficiency.
Why It Matters
Quality framing ensures structural integrity, prevents issues like squeaky floors and bowing walls, and creates proper dimensions for finish work. Framing establishes the locations of windows, doors, and openings, so accuracy is critical—mistakes here affect everything that follows. In Denver, framing must account for snow loads on roofs and proper bearing for load-bearing walls. Proper framing includes headers over openings, blocking for drywall and cabinets, and backing for plumbing fixtures. Modern energy codes emphasize insulation-friendly framing details.
Common Framing Elements
- Wall studs: Vertical 2x4 or 2x6 members at 16-inch spacing
- Headers: Horizontal beams over windows and doors carrying loads
- Floor joists: 2x8 to 2x12 members supporting floors
- Roof trusses or rafters: Pre-engineered trusses or site-built rafters
- Blocking and backing: Extra framing for mounting cabinets, grab bars, fixtures
- Sheathing: OSB or plywood covering for rigidity and weather protection
Related Terms
Load-Bearing Wall
A load-bearing wall is a structural wall that carries the weight of the structure above it, transferring loads from the roof, floors, and other building elements down to the foundation.
LVL Beam (Laminated Veneer Lumber)
LVL beam is an engineered lumber product manufactured by bonding thin wood veneers with adhesive under heat and pressure, creating exceptionally strong beams for long spans and heavy loads.
OSB (Oriented Strand Board)
OSB is an engineered wood panel manufactured from cross-oriented layers of wood strands bonded with resin under heat and pressure, commonly used for roof decking, wall sheathing, and subflooring.
Rough-In
Rough-in is the phase of construction where plumbing pipes, electrical wiring, and HVAC ducts are installed within wall, floor, and ceiling cavities before insulation and drywall cover them.